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Data Flow Diagram.

WHAT IS DFD

The Data Flow Diagram is commonly used also for the visualization of structured design data processing. The normal flow is represented graphically. A designer typically draws context level DFD first showing interaction between the system and the outside entities. Then this context level DFD will then be exploded in order to further show the details of system being modeled. A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system, modelling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing.A DFD shows what kinds of data will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or in parallel.

RULES OF DFD

• Each process must have a minimum of one data flow going into it and one data flow leaving it.

• Data in data stores must be used (data shown flowing out) otherwise there is no reason to store it. Data must also be updated (new data shown flowing in) otherwise it will be obsolete and will not have been updated by the system.

• A data flow out of a process should have some relevance to one or more of the data flows into a process.

• Data stored in a system must go through a process.
• Data cannot be filed directly from an external entity (terminator) or retrieved directly by an external entity. This would be classified as a breach of security! A person or business outside another business should not have direct access to another business's filing system.

• Similarly, filing systems within an organisation cannot logically communicate with one another unless there is a process involved.One data store cannot have a direct link to another data store.

• All processes in DFDs must be linked to either another process or a data store. A process cannot exist by itself, unconnected to the rest of the system.

Sample DFD of cyber cafe management

Synopsis

What Is A Synopsis?

A synopsis is primarily a condensation or a short presentation of Project.

A synopsis is not a list of opinions, or an examination of the feelings and/or conscious states, e.g. likes, dislikes, preferences, annoyances, etc. of the writer of the synopsis. if the writer wants to addend his or her reactions, he or she must take care to explain all the relevant points in the original Project reacted to.

What Should A Synopsis Look Like?

Part A: The Body of the Synopsis -- the minimal conditions.

1. First indicate a concern of the developer, or a point argued by the developer. A complex Project will have more than one of these but treat them one by one.
2. What secondary points does the developer make to establish the importance of his or her concern, or to reach the conclusion of his or her argument?
3. What reasons does the developer give for these secondary points?
4. Answer questions 1, 2, and 3 for each important item in the project.

Part B: Reaction and Evaluation - This is ALWAYS secondary!

1. Your personal judgments must be directed only at items brought up in Part A.Give reasons for your judgments. These can be the citation of counter-evidence, concerns about the consequences of the points made by the developer, or similar things. These reasons are never just your feelings. Your responsibility as a scholar is to give the reader of your synopsis -- assumed to be someone other than a close friend of yours -- good reasons for agreeing with your evaluations.

HAPPY FRIENDSHIP DAY

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